European Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance (ESAR)

A Study of the European Society of Biomodulation and Chemotherapy

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Global Reporting of Alert Organisms
(months were the total number of strains or the number of resistant isolates are missing were excluded)
January to September 1999
 
Organism (No. of strains) Phenotype resistant

n

%

Beta-haemolytic Streptococci (4,534 strains)
  Erythromycin 69 1.5%
  Penicillin 7 0.2%
  Glycopeptide 3 0.1%
Pneumococci (2,274 strains)
  High level Penicllin 36 1.6%
  Low level Penicillin 33 1.5%
  Erythromycin 22 1.0%
  Glycopeptide - 0.0%
Enterococci (6,866 strains)
  Beta-lactamase 130 1.9%
  Glycopeptide 22 0.3%
  High level Gentamicin/Streptomycin 672 9.8%
Haemophilus (3,653 strains)
  Ciprofloxacin/4-fluoroquinolone 1 0.0%
  Ceftazidime/3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin 3 0.1%
  Beta-lactamase 61 1.7%
Enterobacteriaceae (22,745 strains)
  Ciprofloxacin/4-fluoroquinolone 495 2.2%
  Gentamicin/1st line aminoglycoside 612 2.7%
  Extended spectrum beta-lactamase 401 1.8%
  Carbapenem 25 0.1%
Acinetobacter (1,321 strains)
  Gentamicin/1st line aminoglycoside 186 14.1%
  Carbapenem 8 0.6%
Stapylococcus aureus (15425 strains)
  Methicillin 265 1.7%
  MRSA (265 strains)
  Vancomycin - 0.0%
  Teicoplanin 1 0.4%
Cholera (8 strains)
  Trimethoprim - 0.0%
  Tetracycline - 0.0%
Campylobacter (255 strains)
  Ciprofloxacin 14 5.5%
  2 drug combination 14 5.5%
Shigella (104 strains)
  Ciprofloxacin - 0.0%
  2 drug combination 6 5.8%
Salmonella (1,294 strains)
  Ciprofloxacin 1 0.1%
  2 drug combination 15 1.2%
Neisseria meningitidis (50 strains)
  Penicillin - 0.0%
Neisseria gonorrhoea (19 strains)
  Beta-lactamase - 0.0%
  Ciprofloxacin/4-fluoroquinolone 1 5.3%
Anaerobes (2,653 strains)
  Augmentin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination 5 0.2%
  Carbapenem 2 0.1%
  Metronidazole 11 0.4%
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (62 strains)
  2 drug combination 1 1.6%
Coagulase negative Staphylococci (4,391 strains)
  Vancomycin 1 0.0%
  Teicoplanin 10 0.2%
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4,714 strains)
  Ceftazidime/4th generation cephalosporin 175 3.7%
  Piperacillin/Tazobactam 188 4.0%
  Gentamicin/1st line aminoglycoside 579 12.3%


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